1st Century Jewish Philosopher on
Heaven and Hell.
Why he
might have influenced the New Testament.
Philo of Alexandria was known for
blending Judaic beliefs with the ideas of Greek philosophers. Orthodox Jewish
contemporaries of the early first century AD often objected.
Greek intellectualism, he said, agreed
with Jewish doctrine.
He looked for hidden messages in
Greek myths that harmonized with Jewish beliefs.
Philo also rated the Jewish way of
life above the pagan way. The merits of Jewish faith, he said, were the
"desire of all nations."
While most Jewish doctrine wasn't clear
whether heaven and hell existed, Philo asserted that you earned a place in
heaven if you followed the merits of Judaism--
Philo, On Rewards and Punishments [De
Praemiis et Poenis] 152 The proselyte [the convert to Judaism]
raised aloft by his good fortune will be admired on all sides, marveled
at and held blessed on two counts on highest excellence, that he voluntarily
came over to the camp of God, and that he has won a most appropriate prize, a
secure place in heaven, which one may not describe, while the nobly
sired who has debased the coinage of his high lineage will be dragged below and
carried deep into Tartarus [hell] itself and profound darkness.
Traditional Jewish belief today says
there's an afterlife but doesn't say what it's like. Afterlife could be heaven,
hell, or something else.
"A traditional Jewish view
holds that death is not the end of human existence."
http://www.everlastinglifeministries.com/faqs/faq6.asp
"By heaven and hell, I mean
reward and punishment in the afterlife. I am not referring to a hell of eternal
fire or a heaven filled with harp-playing angels. Any attempt to describe
either heaven or hell is likely to sound silly.
"I remember one of my yeshiva rabbis telling us students that
heaven is eternal study of the Torah."
http://www.jewishjournal.com/dennis_prager/article/is_there_a_heaven_and_a_hell_20120615
More views on the Jewish concept of
the afterlife:
"Jewish theology for the most
part contains little on the subject of the after life and leaves a great deal
of room for personal interpretation."
"Some Jews believe that we are
continually 'reincarnated.' It would be a more 'liberal' or 'secular' Jew who
would generally ascribe to this view."
"An orthodox or conservative
Jew is more likely to believe that the righteous dead go to a place similar to
the Christian view of heaven. This is referred to as Olam Ha-Ba (the world to come) or Gan Eden (the Garden of Eden).
"Those who believe in a heaven
also believe in a place similar to a Christian view of hell. The Jewish
reference to hell is 'Gehinnom' or 'She'ol.' The Gehinnom
view sounds very familiar to the Catholic doctrine of purgatory. According to
most Jewish sources, the period of punishment or purification is limited to
twelve months, after which the soul ascends to Gan Eden, or is destroyed if that person was utterly wicked. In
addition, some Jewish sources are of the opinion that your time in Gehinnom can be shortened if living
friends and relatives pray for you and do good works on your behalf."
http://www.everlastinglifeministries.com/faqs/faq6.asp
Dobbie says: Strange that God didn't
tell his chosen about heaven and who qualified to go there.
Jewish teaching had always been
indefinite about it.
Then Philo came along and asserted
that heaven and hell existed.
Later, Jesus came along, and although
Jewish, he also declared that heaven and hell existed.
Thus it makes me wonder whether Philo
influenced the Gospel message regarding the existence of heaven and hell.